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مطالعه پدیدارشناسانه در بهبود چالش های حاکم در آموزش درس علوم مقطع ابتدایی | ||
| پژوهش در مطالعات برنامه درسی تربیت معلم | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 4، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 7، اسفند 1403، صفحه 59-73 اصل مقاله (717.14 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48310/jcdr.2025.18750.1146 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| کمال نصرتی هشی1؛ حسین صمیدی بنه* 2؛ علی شاهین2؛ میلاد نصیروند2 | ||
| 1استادیار، گروه آموزش علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2کارشناسی آموزش ابتدایی، آموزگار رسمی آموزش و پرورش، اردبیل | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پیشینه و اهداف: هدف پژوهش، بررسی بهبود آموزش درس علوم در مقطع ابتدایی و شناسایی چالشها و راهکارها جهت غلبه بر مشکلات با تکیه بر تجارب زیستة معلمان و متخصّصین تعلیم و تربیت است. روش‌ها: روش پژوهش حاضر، کیفی از نوع پدیدارشناسی است. مصاحبه شوندگان شامل معلمان و متخصّصان شهر اردبیل در سال تحصیلی 1403-1402بودند. برای انتخاب شرکت کنندگان، 22 نفر معلم و 17 نفر متخصّص از شیوة نمونه گیری هدفمند و تا حد اشباع استفاده شد. داده ها با استفاده از مصاحبة نیمه ساختار یافته و با سؤالات باز پاسخ جمع آوری شد. برای تعیین روایی و پایایی مصاحبه ها، تکنیک تثلیث، تکنیک کنترل اعضاء، تکنیک کسب اطلاعات دقیق موازی و خود بازبینی محقّقان استفاده شد. یافته: در مصاحبه با معلمان، اکثریث آنها بر وجود چالشها باور داشتند. همچنین با مشکلات متعددی نیز مواجه بودند. در گام بعدی در مصاحبه با متخصّصان، بر مشکلاتی همچون فقدان امکانات و تجهیزات آزمایشگاهی، ضعف نیروی انسانی در زمینة تخصّص، محدودیت‌های زمانی، آموزشی و فرهنگی، چالشها در زمینة روش‌های تدریس معلمان تأکید شد و جهت غلبه بر چالشها راهکارهایی ارائه شد. نتیجه‌گیری: برای عبور از چالش ها در مسیر بهبود آموزش درس علوم مقطع ابتدایی راه حل های مختلفی به دست آمد که برخی از آنها شامل: استفاده از امکانات موجود به صورت خلّاقانه، آموزش معلمان متخصّص و کارآمد، استفاده و به کارگیری روش تدریس مناسب و جذاب، ارائة محتوای درس علوم به شیوة عملی و تجربی، بهبود محتوای کتاب از نظر کمیّت و کیفیت، فراهم آوردن امکانات آزمایشگاهی در مدارس، استفاده از روش های نوین تدریس، بهره مندی از معلمان و اساتید برتر، افزایش ارتباط مدارس با خانه و جوامع بود. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| 'تجربه زیسته'؛ 'معلمان'؛ 'بهبود آموزش درس علوم مقطع ابتدایی'؛ 'چالش ها'؛ 'راهکارها' | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| A phenomenological study on improving the prevailing challenges in teaching science at the elementary course | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Kamal Nosrati Heshi1؛ Hossein Samidi2؛ ali shahin2؛ milad nasirvand2 | ||
| 1Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Bachelor of Elementary Education, Official Teacher of Education, Ardabil. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: The present research aimed to investigate the improvement of teaching science course in elementary schools and to identify the challenges and solutions to overcome problems based on the lived experiences of teachers and education specialists. Methods: The research method was a qualitative phenomenological method. The interviewees included teachers and specialists in Ardabil city in the academic year 2024. To select the participants, 22 teachers, and 17 specialists were selected using purposive sampling until theoretical saturation. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions. The validity and reliability of interviews were determined through the triangulation technique, member control technique, parallel accurate information acquisition technique, and researchers' self-review. Findings: Based on the findings, the majority of teachers believed in the existence of challenges and, of course, faced numerous problems. Also, in the next step, in the interview with experts, problems such as lack of laboratory facilities and equipment, and weak human resources, time, educational and cultural constraints, and challenges in the field of teachers' teaching methods were emphasized, and solutions were presented to overcome these challenges. Conclusion: As a result, various solutions were identified to overcome the challenges in improving elementary science education, some of which included: using existing facilities creatively, training expert and efficient teachers, using and applying appropriate and attractive teaching methods, presenting science content practically and experimentally, improving the content of books in terms of quantity and quality, providing laboratory facilities in schools, using modern teaching methods, benefiting from skilled teachers and professors, and increasing the connection between schools and communities. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| ' lived experience', 'teachers', 'improving elementary science education', 'challenges', 'solutions' | ||
| مراجع | ||
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