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چالشهای آموزش مدلهای اتمی در شیمی: از مدل بوهر تا مکانیک کوانتومی | ||
| پژوهش در آموزش شیمی | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 8، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 31، مهر 1405، صفحه 27-45 اصل مقاله (810.16 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله مروری | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48310/chemedu.2025.18968.1321 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| سهراب آقایی* | ||
| گروه آموزش فیزیک، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی 889-14665، تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پیشینه و اهداف: مدلهای اتمی یکی از مفاهیم کلیدی در آموزش شیمی و فیزیک هستند که فهم آنها نقش مهمی در درک ساختار ماده و ویژگیهای میکروسکوپی آن دارد. با این حال، آموزش این مدلها، بهویژه در گذار از مدلهای کلاسیکی مانند مدل بوهر به مدلهای جدید بر پایه مکانیک کوانتومی، با چالشهای متعددی همراه است. روشها: این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و تحلیل چالشهای آموزشی مدلهای اتمی انجام شد و بر مبنای مرور نظاممند منابع علمی منتشرشده بین سالهای ۲۰۱۶ تا ۲۰۲۳ طراحی گردید. نوآوری این مطالعه در ارائهی یک چارچوب تحلیلی سهگانه (محتوایی، شناختی و فناورانه) برای طبقهبندی چالشها و ارائه راهبردهای مشخص برای هر دسته است. یافتهها: یافتهها نشان میدهند که یکی از مشکلات اصلی، ارائهی مدلهای مختلف بهصورت جداگانه و بدون توجه به سیر تاریخی و تکاملی آنهاست، که موجب بدفهمی مفاهیم علمی و ایجاد تصورات نادرست در ذهن دانشآموزان میشود. همچنین، آموزش مدلهای کوانتومی به دلیل ماهیت انتزاعی آنها، نیازمند بهرهگیری از روشهای تدریس تعاملی و ابزارهای فناورانه است. درحالیکه بسیاری از معلمان به دلیل کمبود آموزشهای تخصصی یا امکانات فنی، به شیوههای سنتی تدریس اکتفا میکنند. نتیجهگیری: بر این اساس، بازنگری در برنامههای درسی، توانمندسازی معلمان و استفاده هدفمند از فناوریهای آموزشی میتواند به ارتقای کیفیت یادگیری مفاهیم بنیادین و پرورش تفکر علمی در دانشآموزان کمک کند. همچنین، توجه به این چالشها نقش مهمی در بهبود یادگیری مفاهیم بنیادین علم و پرورش تفکر علمی در دانشآموزان خواهد داشت. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| مدلهای اتمی؛ مدل اتمی بوهر؛ مدل کوانتومی؛ آموزش شیمی؛ بدمفهومش ها | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Challenges of teaching atomic models in chemistry: From Bohr's model to quantum mechanics | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Sohrab Aghaei | ||
| Department of Physics Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objective: Atomic models are among the key concepts in chemistry and physics education, as understanding them plays a crucial role in comprehending the structure of matter and their microscopic behavior. However, teaching these models—especially the transition from classical models such as Bohr’s model to modern models based on quantum mechanics—faces numerous challenges. Materials and Methods: This study aimed to identify and analyze the educational challenges of atomic models, based on a systematic review of scientific literature published between 2016 and 2023. The novelty of this research lies in presenting a three-fold analytical framework (content-based, cognitive, and technological) for categorizing challenges and proposing specific strategies for each category. Findings: Findings indicate that one of the main issues is the presentation of different models separately and without attention to their historical and conceptual evolution, which leads to misconceptions and inaccurate scientific understanding among students. Furthermore, due to the abstract nature of quantum models, effective teaching requires interactive methods and technological tools—resources many teachers lack due to insufficient training or infrastructure. Conclusion: Accordingly, curriculum reform, teacher empowerment, and purposeful use of educational technology can significantly improve the quality of learning fundamental concepts and foster scientific thinking in students. Addressing these challenges is essential not only for enhancing students’ conceptual understanding but also for fostering scientific thinking and inquiry-based learning in science education. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| Atomic Models, Bohr Atomic Model, Quantum Model, Chemistry Education, Misconceptions | ||
| مراجع | ||
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