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A Proposed IBSE–STEM Lesson Plan for Teaching Electronic Energy Levels through Computational Physics | ||
| Physics Journal | Farhangian University | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 21 شهریور 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Original Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48310/esip.2026.22745.1041 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Hossein Sohrabi Shahsavari1؛ Mohammad Qasemnazhand* 2 | ||
| 1Department of Sciences Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Physics Education, Farhangian University, Tabriz, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study presents a proposed Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE) lesson plan within a STEM framework for teaching electronic energy levels through computational physics and quantum chemistry. The instructional design integrates concepts from physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computational modeling to provide students with an inquiry-oriented learning experience. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed at the B3LYP/LANL2DZ level for the homonuclear alkali-metal diatomic molecules Li₂, Na₂, K₂, Rb₂, and Cs₂. The calculated molecular orbitals were visualized using GaussView, while Microsoft Excel was employed for graphical analysis, regression modeling, and extrapolation. Students investigate periodic trends in HOMO and LUMO energies, the HOMO–LUMO energy gap, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, chemical hardness, and chemical potential. A new descriptor, the reduced chemical potential (μᵣ), is introduced as an educational tool to integrate frontier orbital concepts through a harmonic formulation that combines information from HOMO, LUMO, ionization potential, electron affinity, and chemical potential into a single parameter. The lesson plan also demonstrates regression-based prediction of the electronic properties of Fr₂, illustrating the application of scientific modeling beyond directly accessible systems. This framework provides an accessible approach for introducing secondary school students to modern computational methods while promoting inquiry, quantitative reasoning, interdisciplinary thinking, and evidence-based scientific investigation. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Science Education؛ IBSE؛ STEM؛ Electronic properties؛ DFT | ||
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