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تحلیل تعاملی جنسیت و نوع رشته ورزشی در سلامت عمومی دانشجومعلمان شرکت‌کننده در المپیادهای ورزشی | ||
| تجارب معلمی | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 18 آبان 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی اصیل | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48310/jte.2026.24487.1297 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| زینب نقی لو* 1؛ فرشته کتبی2؛ مجید نامور2 | ||
| 1گروه آموزش تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی ۸۸۹-۱۴۶۶۵ تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه آموزش تربیت بدنی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، صندوق پستی 889- 14665 تهران، ایران | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی نقش جنسیت، نوع رشته ورزشی و اثر تعاملی آن‌ها بر ابعاد سلامت عمومی دانشجومعلمان شرکت‌کننده در المپیاد ورزشی دانشگاه فرهنگیان انجام شد. پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و به روش میدانی انجام شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش را کلیه دانشجومعلمان شرکت‌کننده در المپیاد ورزشی دانشجومعلمان کشور که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس، ۳۸۰ نفر از آنان در پژوهش مشارکت کردند. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه سلامت عمومی گلدبرگ و هیلیر (GHQ-28) بود که چهار بعد علائم جسمانی، اضطراب و اختلال خواب، کنش اجتماعی و افسردگی را مورد سنجش قرار می‌دهد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه ۲۶ و تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره عاملی تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد اثر جنسیت بر ترکیب ابعاد سلامت عمومی معنادار است (F=2/567،p=0/001) و بین دانشجومعلمان ورزشکار دختر و پسر در برخی ابعاد سلامت عمومی تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد. همچنین، اثر نوع رشته ورزشی بر سلامت عمومی معنادار بود (F=3/299،p=0/001) و بین رشته‌های ورزشی مختلف در برخی ابعاد تفاوت مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این، اثر تعاملی جنسیت و نوع رشته ورزشی نیز بر ترکیب ابعاد سلامت عمومی معنادار گزارش (F=2/408،p=0/014) بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، جنسیت، نوع رشته ورزشی و تعامل این دو عامل می‌توانند در تبیین تفاوت‌های سلامت عمومی دانشجومعلمان ورزشکار نقش داشته باشند. با توجه به نتایج به نظر می رسد جنسیت، نوع رشته ورزشی و تعامل میان آن‌ها از عوامل موثر بر تفاوت‌های ابعاد سلامت عمومی دانشجومعلمان ورزشکار باشد. بنابراین، در طراحی و اجرای برنامه‌های ارتقای سلامت در دانشگاه فرهنگیان، توجه هم‌زمان به ویژگی‌های جنسیتی و نوع رشته ورزشی دانشجومعلمان ضروری می نماید. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| سلامت عمومی؛ دانشجومعلمان؛ جنسیت؛ المپیاد ورزشی؛ دانشگاه فرهنگیان | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| An Interactive Analysis of Gender and Sport Discipline Regarding the General Health of Student-Teachers Participating in Sports Olympiads | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| زینب نقی لو1؛ fereshte kotobi2؛ majid namvar2 | ||
| 1Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: General health is a fundamental component of quality of life and an important indicator of individual and social well-being, encompassing physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Maintaining optimal general health during the university years may contribute to quality of life, academic and professional performance, and adaptation to university and social environments. This issue is particularly important among student-teachers, who face both the demands of student life and the development of their professional identity as future teachers. Their health may therefore be associated with the quality and effectiveness of their future professional roles. Participation in sports is widely recognized as an important factor associated with physical and psychological health and may influence general health through enhanced physical fitness, reduced psychological stress, improved mood, stronger social interactions, and greater self-efficacy. However, these associations may vary according to individual characteristics and type of sport. Sports differ in terms of social interaction, individual or team-based participation, competitive pressures, training requirements, and individual responsibility. Gender may also influence individuals’ experiences and perceptions of physical and psychological symptoms and their responses to academic and athletic pressures. Despite the importance of these factors, limited attention has been paid to the simultaneous effects of gender and sport type, particularly their interaction, on the dimensions of general health among student athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of gender, type of sport, and their interaction on the dimensions of general health among student-teachers participating in the Farhangian University Sports Olympiad. Methodology: This applied, descriptive-analytical study employed a field research design. The statistical population comprised student-athletes participating in the National Student-Teacher Sports Olympiad across various sports. Using convenience sampling, 380 participants were recruited, including 112 women and 268 men. Among the participants, 54.2% participated in team sports, 26.6% in combined activities, and 19.2% in individual sports. The highest participation frequencies were observed in futsal, followed by tennis, volleyball, and basketball. Data were collected using the standardized Goldberg and Hillier General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), which assesses four dimensions: physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social functioning, and depression. Content validity was evaluated through expert judgment, and reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data was analyzed using factorial multivariate analysis of variance (factorial MANOVA). Prior to analysis, assumptions including normality, absence of multivariate outliers, linearity, homogeneity of variance-covariance matrices, and homogeneity of variances were examined. Significant multivariate effects were followed by univariate analyses, and effect sizes were considered. Findings: The findings demonstrated that gender had a statistically significant effect on the combined dimensions of general health, accounting for approximately 2.7% of their shared variance. Univariate analyses revealed significant gender differences in physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social functioning, and depression. Although statistically significant, the magnitude of gender effects on individual dimensions was relatively limited, accounting for approximately 1% to 2% of the variance. Types of sport also had a statistically significant effect on the combined dimensions of general health, accounting for approximately 3.4% of their shared variance. Significant differences were observed among sport types in physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and social functioning, whereas the difference in depression was not statistically significant. Sport type accounted for approximately 3.6% of the variance in physical symptoms, 2.9% in anxiety and insomnia, 1.9% in social functioning, and 0.7% in depression. The most important finding concerned the interaction between gender and type of sport. This interaction had a statistically significant effect on the combined dimensions of general health and accounted for approximately 2.5% of their shared variance. Univariate analyses indicated significant interaction effects for physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and social functioning, but not for depression. The corresponding effect sizes were 2.6%, 4.1%, and 2.2%, respectively. These findings indicate that the relationship between sport type and general health is not independent of gender and that participation in the same sport may be associated with different outcomes across certain dimensions of general health among women and men. Discussion and Conclusion: the findings indicate that general health among student athletes is a multidimensional phenomenon that cannot be adequately explained by a single factor. The significant effects of gender and sport type suggest that individual, social, psychological, and sport-related characteristics may contribute to differences in general health. Moreover, the significant interaction between gender and sport type indicates that examining these factors independently may overlook part of the complexity underlying student-athletes’ health. Thus, the association between participation in a particular sport and general health may vary according to gender, suggesting that individual and contextual characteristics operate simultaneously in shaping health outcomes. Accordingly, health-promotion programs at Farhangian University should move beyond a uniform approach and consider both gender-related differences and the characteristics of different sports. Tailored interventions may address psychological stress, sleep quality, social interactions, and physical health according to the needs of different gender groups and sports. This is particularly important because student-teachers constitute the future teaching workforce, and investment in their health may contribute to both their quality of life and future professional effectiveness. The findings should nevertheless be interpreted considering the study’s limitations, including its cross-sectional design, convenience sampling, restriction of the population to Sports Olympiad participants, and reliance on self-report data. Athletic experience, sleep quality, social support, and individual circumstances were also not examined. Future studies should employ longitudinal and mixed-method designs to investigate individual, psychological, and sport-related determinants of general health and evaluate tailored health-promotion programs across gender groups and sports. Overall, the findings support a multifactorial perspective on student-athletes’ general health and indicate that gender, sport type, and their interaction, despite relatively small effect sizes, contribute to differences in specific dimensions of general health. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| General health, Student teachers, Gender, Sports Olympiad | ||
| مراجع | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 2 |
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