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چالش های زیستن در کنار تخته سیاه: مدل مفهومی بیتوته معلمان در مدارس روستایی | ||
| پژوهش در مطالعات برنامه درسی تربیت معلم | ||
| مقاله 10، دوره 6، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 10، شهریور 1405، صفحه 145-163 اصل مقاله (1.41 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.48310/jcdr.2026.22863.1303 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| یحیی معروفی* ؛ امیر اکبری سرچقائی | ||
| گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پیشینه و اهداف: : در مناطق روستایی دوردست، کمبود امکانات تردد، «بیتوته» (اسکان شبانهروزی) معلمان را به راهکاری ضروری برای تداوم آموزش تبدیل کرده است. با وجود اهمیت موضوع، پژوهش جامعی در این باره وجود ندارد. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی عوامل، ابعاد، راهبردها و پیامدهای بیتوته معلمان مدارس روستایی و ارائه مدلی مفهومی تدوین شده است. روشها: این پژوهش کیفی با راهبرد نظریه دادهبنیاد نظاممند (اشتراوس و کوربین) انجام شد. ۱۳ نفر از معلمان و کارشناسان اداری از طریق نمونهگیری هدفمند (حداکثر تنوع) انتخاب شدند. دادهها با مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته گردآوری و طی سه مرحله کدگذاری (باز، محوری و انتخابی) تحلیل شدند. اعتباریابی از طریق بازبینی اعضا و ممیزی همتا صورت گرفت.یافتهها: مدل پارادایمی استخراجشده شامل شش مقوله است: ۱) شرایط علی (عوامل ساختاری-جغرافیایی، سازمانی و فردی)؛ ۲) پدیده محوری بیتوته (تجربهای دوسویه از تعهد تا انزوا)؛ ۳) شرایط زمینهای (دوگانگی فرهنگی روستا و محرومیتهای زیرساختی)؛ ۴) شرایط مداخلهگر (مخاطرات ایمنی و ناکارآمدی اداری)؛ ۵) راهبردها (کنشگرانه نظیر تابآوری و اجتنابی نظیر تلاش برای انتقال)؛ ۶) پیامدها که شامل دستاوردهای مطلوب (رشد حرفهای و پیوند عمیق معلم-دانشآموز) و نامطلوب (فرسودگی روانی-جسمانی و تمایل به ترک خدمت) است. نتیجهگیری: بیتوته شمشیری دولبه است؛ در غیاب حمایت سازمانی و زیرساختهای اولیه به فرسودگی میانجامد، اما پتانسیل بالایی برای رشد حرفهای دارد. سیاستگذاران آموزشوپرورش باید با تامین تجهیزات رفاهی-ایمنی و بازنگری نظام تشویقی، این تجربه را به فرصتی برای تحقق عدالت آموزشی تبدیل کنند. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| بیتوته معلمان؛ مدارس روستایی؛ نظریه دادهبنیاد؛ توسعه حرفهای؛ برابری آموزشی؛ '؛ تاب آوری معلم | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Challenges of Living alongside the Blackboard: A Conceptual Model of Temporary Residence of Teachers in Rural Schools (Bitouteh) | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Yahya Maroofi؛ Amir Akbari Sarcheghei | ||
| Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: In remote rural areas, commuting difficulties have made teachers’ “overnight stays” (Bitouteh) a necessary strategy for educational continuity. Despite its prevalence, comprehensive research on this phenomenon is lacking. This study aimed to identify the factors, dimensions, strategies, and consequences of rural teachers’ Bitouteh and develop a conceptual model based on grounded theory. Methods: This qualitative study employed systematic grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin). Thirteen active/retired teachers and administrative experts were selected using purposive sampling with maximum variation. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding phases. Validity was confirmed through member checking and peer debriefing. Findings: The extracted paradigm model revealed six main categories: 1) Causal conditions (structural-geographical, organizational, and personal factors); 2) Core phenomenon (a multidimensional experience ranging from commitment to isolation); 3) Contextual conditions (cultural duality and infrastructure deprivation); 4) Intervening conditions (safety risks and administrative inefficiency); 5) Strategies (proactive, such as resilience, and avoidant, such as seeking transfers); 6) Consequences, comprising desirable outcomes (professional growth, deep teacher-student bonds) and undesirable ones (burnout, turnover intention). Conclusion: Teachers’ Bitouteh is a double-edged sword. Without organizational support and basic infrastructure, it leads to burnout; however, it offers significant potential for professional growth. Policymakers must revise incentive systems and provide welfare and safety facilities to transform this challenge into an opportunity for educational equity. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| teacher Bitouteh, rural schools, grounded theory, professional development, educational equity, ', teacher resilience | ||
| مراجع | ||
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